Pero-SCs based on blade-coated BDT-TPA-sTh HTL and MAPbI3 active layer: (a) J-V curves in the reverse-scan direction; inset: schematic illustration of blade-coated HTLs. (b) J-V curves of a 1-cm2 pero-SC module in the reverse-scan direction; inset: schematic illustration of device-structure of modules.
The Transformational Challenge Reactor Demonstration Program uses thermal imaging to actively monitor the direct deposition of stainless steel to 3D print a component. The hexagonal structure took close to 40 hours to build, with temperatures reaching over 1,400 degrees Celsius around the melt pool where a laser heats and melts while adding a new layer.
Propagation of an "ultra-lean" hydrogen flame in a very narrow combustion chamber. The images on the left show a flame propagating vertically downward; those on the right are burning in the opposite direction. The dark markings show the path followed by the flame, while the lighter parts show the hydrogen that has not been burned.