In response to the fast-expanding offshore wind market, DNV KEMA, the energy arm of DNV, has developed a new standard that will help accelerate the development of a new generation of floating offshore wind turbines by establishing design requirements for the floating structure and related systems. According to Johan Sandberg, head of renewable energy at DNV KEMA, Norway and project sponsor, the standard covers a broad range of issues, including safety philosophy and design principles; site conditions, loads and response; materials and corrosion protection; structural design; design of anchor foundations; floating stability; station keeping; control and mechanical systems; transport and installation; in-service inspection and cable design. "As demand for wind energy increases, we predict offshore deployments will continue to move into deeper waters and, consequently, there's a need to establish design standards that will help ensure safety, reliability, and confidence in future wind turbines," he says. "To that end, the new standard, developed as a Joint Industry Project (JIP) with 10 participating companies, aims to spur progress in floating offshore wind through a framework for best practices and technical requirements, plus producing guidance for design, construction and in-service inspection." Sandberg notes that many densely populated coastal areas around the world are not suitable for traditional bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. In other areas, the shallow water coast is already developed or challenging seabed conditions makes bottom-fixed offshore wind unsuitable. Also, local communities have been known to oppose projects due to negative visual impacts. "Recent successful deployments of full-scale prototype configurations have demonstrated that floating wind turbines can be a viable alternative and the market is taking notice. Several companies and research institutes worldwide are already engaged in developing research programs, pilot projects and even planning for commercial development of floating wind farms," he says. For various reasons, countries like Japan and the U.S. have also made offshore wind energy one focus of their energy policy. According to Sandberg a tricky point in the development of offshore wind around the coastal belts of these countries, like the majority of coastal belts around the world, is that water depths can range from dozens to hundreds of metres. This situation demands new technology so in both Japan and the U.S., ideas are turning to floating structures for wind turbines. "It is now time to take the next step: standardization. A new standard can increase the confidence in the industry and hopefully attract new investors to this new renewable energy technology," says Sandberg. "The decades of expertise that DNV has amassed in the standardization of maritime offshore oil & gas, and onshore and offshore wind is invaluable for the development of standards for floating offshore wind structures." The new standard for floating wind structures, devised under DNV KEMA's leadership through project manager Anne Lene Hopstad and technical specialist Knut Ronold supplements the developed DNV Guideline for Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Structures, and the existing standard DNV-OS-J101 Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures. Standard development in brief In September 2011, DNV initiated a Joint Industry Project (JIP) for the development of the DNV standard for design of floating wind turbine structures. Eleven of the world's leading players in the wind industry (from Europe, US and Asia) participated in this JIP. The new standard is a supplement to the existing DNV-OS-J101 The JIP focuses on floater specific design issues: suitable safety levels, reliability-based calibration of safety factors, global performance stability, station keeping, site conditions in relation to low frequency floater motions, necessary simulation periods, higher order responses and design of floater-specific structural components. The JIP secured quality assurance through a technical reference group where each JIP participant had a representative. The standard has recently been issued after internal and external hearings. The technical standard embodies collective industry experience and represents a fully-fledged reference code which supplements existing offshore wind turbine structure codes that do not cover floating units. The 10 participants in the JIP study are Statoil, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, Sasebo Heavy Industries, STX Offshore & Shipbuilding, Navantia, Gamesa, Iberdrola, Alstom Wind, Glosten Associates and Principle Power. DNV KEMA in brief DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability is a global authority in business and technical consultancy, testing and inspection, emissions reductions, certification, and risk management across the energy value-chain. In a world of increasing demand for energy, DNV KEMA has a major role to play in ensuring the availability, reliability, sustainability and profitability of energy and related products and processes. We combine unique expertise and facilities, in order to add value to our customers in the field of risk, performance and quality management. With over 2,300 experts in more than 30 countries around the world, DNV KEMA is committed to driving the global transition toward a safe, reliable, efficient, and clean energy future. DNV KEMA is one of three companies in the DNV Group, alongside DNV Maritime and Oil & Gas and DNV Business Assurance. DNV
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