Giusy Gambino, Salvatore Cannavacciuolo, Andrea Botta, and Luigi Di Turi STMicroelectronics, Italy
Humanoid robots are redefining power-density constraints. To preserve agility and reduce structural inertia, designers typically place the battery pack deep within the torso or pelvis. This compact architecture means the energy-storage system must operate inside a sealed enclosure, often alongside high-perfo