The left figure is an example of time series of fluctuation of power generation outputs. The right figure shows the histogram of the frequency of corresponding power fluctuation. When we can assume mild fluctuation as illustrated by the red line, modeling with normal distribution is acceptable. However, wind power generation fluctuation contains abrupt changes as illustrated by the blue line. Consequently, the corresponding histogram has slowly-decaying heavy tails, which represents the extremal outliers.
Energetic growth. The UVM spinoff company Packetized Energy is on a roll, adding staff, customers and business partners at an impressive clip. Surrounded by full and part-time staff in the company's new offices in Chace Mill are (left to right) faculty founders Mads Almassalkhi, Jeff Frolik and Paul Hines and new company CEO Scott Johnstone. The company's clever algorithms help utilities tap the potential of renewables like solar and wind.