Figure 1: Conventional Intermediate Bus Architectures use a fixed-ratio isolated bus converter (IBC) to step down 48V to a 12V intermediate rail, which then feeds niPOL converters
AI processors can draw up to thousands of amps while operating at voltages well below 1V. This current demand is unprecedented and has turned the power delivery network (PDN) into a major system bottleneck.
With every amp pushed through PCB or substrate copper power planes, conductive losses and, thermal m
