Technical Features

February 2012
Optimizing Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converters for GaN Technology

Figure 1: Power schematic circuit for the bi-directional three-level, two-phase converter

Introduction Modern power systems demand higher efficiency, increased power density, and reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI)—all while adhering to shrinking size constraints. Among the converter topologies addressing these challenges, the Flying Capacitor Multilevel (FCML) converter stands out for it
Date:
05/30/2025
Digital Power

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Compared to traditional analog PWM controllers, Digital power controllers provide an extremely high level of flexibility and programmability over the serial interface bus. The designer
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Date:
02/03/2012

Efficient Utilization

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Figure 1: Harmonic Performance

As a designer and manufacturer of critical power systems used in airborne, shipboard and ground-based applications in the defense and commercial markets, Excelitas Technologies recognizes the
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Date:
02/03/2012
Energy Saving

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Figure 1: Development of Converged Network Adapter ASICs

Wouldn't it be nice to save 25% to 30%, or even more, in circuit board power dissipation in your next design? While for some designs such a savings would just be nice to have, for
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Date:
02/03/2012
High Power solutions

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Many applications in power management are based on buck topology. The purpose of this application note is to describe a technique to overcome the current limitation of these solutions. The
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Date:
02/03/2012
Energy Efficient Micros

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Figure 1: Power budget

Although power consumption is the product of operating voltage (Vcc) multiplied by the current consumption (Icc), current consumption is usually the only parameter considered when describing the power
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Date:
02/03/2012
Innovative Drives

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Figure 1: Internal structure of the ITRIP and RCIN sections

The megatrends in consumer drive systems are unbroken: The numbers of units are growing and so are the number of comfort features and quality requirements for the drive. With Infineon's
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Date:
02/03/2012
White Goods Efficiency

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Figure 1. CAPZero high-level functional diagram

Recent studies have indicated that standby power consumption can range as high as 10 percent of all domestic electricity usage. Over the last few years, multiple programs - including
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Date:
02/03/2012
Circuit Protection Design

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Figure 1: Typical solar power system diagram

Increasing demand for clean electrical power has led to a focus on renewable energy sources such as solar power. Solar power systems are independent power generation systems meant to power
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Date:
02/02/2012
Renewable Energy Parking

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A new solar carport transforms the parking space into a provider of green power that should delight designers and owners of electric cars alike. Fitted with innovative lightweight solar
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Date:
02/02/2012
Optimized Design for High-Temp Operation

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Figure1: The test circuit used for all turn-off measurements Lcomm= 3.2 μH?Configuration 1: Cclamp = 10 μF, Rclamp = 0.625 ?, L? = 330 nH?Configuration 2: Cclamp = 20 μF, Rclamp = 0.37 ?, L? = 325 nH

A 4.5 kV IGCT (Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor) with extraordinary high Safe Operating Area (SOA) at 140°C is presented. The improvements for the IGCT were achieved by optimizing the corrugated
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Date:
02/02/2012
Monitoring the Energy

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National Wind Energy Centre

NEL is a world-class provider of technical consultancy, research, testing, flow measurement and programme management services to the energy, oil & gas manufacturing industries and government. The
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Date:
02/01/2012
Inverter Efficiency

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At least two power reactors are needed for solar inverters: one in the boost converter (step-up chopper) and one at the ouput of the inverter for EMC filtering. Besides the IGBTs, the losses in the reactors are a major determining factor of the overall efficiency of the inverter

Low-loss and high saturation flux density core materials in reactors and transformers are a key determining factor for the efficiency of inverters. The new TDK PE90 ferrite is a cutting-edge
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Date:
02/01/2012
Solar Battery Charger

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Figure 1: Typical off-grid PV system

Photovoltaic cell technology over the last few years has reached levels of cost and efficiency that enable its use in new markets. Due to the varying sunlight conditions, energy storage
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Date:
02/01/2012
Smart Energy Metering Applications

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Figure 1: Single-phase anti-tamper smart meter

DC tolerant current transformers have long been used to sense ac currents in smart energy meters, but they have drawbacks and can be expensive. For some applications, resistive shunts make
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Date:
01/31/2012
Cost-Optimized Solar

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Figure 1: Typical Solar Panel Output Current & Power vs. Output Voltage Curve

The influence of clouds, trees, dirt, on the solar cell panel and the rotation of the sun causes problematic fluctuations in the amount power generation. The typical output current and
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Date:
01/31/2012
Power Module Mounting

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Figure 1a: State-of-the-art configurations

The mounting option for power modules has always been somewhat limited, meaning that the designer is constrained to a standard configuration. These new modules overcome this problem. Most
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Date:
01/31/2012
Miniaturized Modules

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Figure 1: A wireless handset may need to cover 13MHz to 6GHz in future - figures show the Murata estimate for the take-up of various technologies

Ceramic technologies are complementing semiconductor advances in enabling ever-more sophisticated and smaller wireless electronic systems. Improvements in ceramic materials technology have
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Date:
01/31/2012
Spoilt for Choice - Power Switch Technologies for Renewable Applications

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Figure 1: Offshore wind park ï½Lillgrundï½ in Sweden is connected to the main land via a 138kV high-voltage DC link (picture: Siemens)

With 7 billion human beings living on this planet, and at the same time, the energy consumed by human beings is shifting more and more from oil to electricity Improving power density
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Date:
01/07/2012
Battery Management
Lithium Ion batteries are becoming the technology of choice for most portable applications requiring rechargeable batteries. The advantages include high energy density per volume and weight, high
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Date:
01/01/2012
Challenging Charging
This article discusses the selection process for deciding the battery charging topology in portable, consumer applications. The article analyzes system and battery conditions under which the benefits
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Date:
01/01/2012
Digital Power Conversion

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Figure 1a: The effects of parallel connecting two power supplies without share control

Power supplies with digital control are gaining in popularity. However the term ‘digital control' is commonly applied to two quite different meanings. The two main terms are; ‘Digital power
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Date:
01/01/2012
Digital Power Delivers Auto-Compensation

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Figure 1: GUI view of Auto Compensation page

Stability is a critical operational requirement for power supplies. In regulated power supplies, the stability is controlled, by a large part, by the characteristics of the feedback path.
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Date:
01/01/2012
Delivering Precision Performance

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Figure 1: Supplies are margined by changing the resistor connected to the Trim/FB node

Modern microprocessors, FPGAs and other complex ICs require accurate power supply voltages, often more accurate, in fact, than the tolerances provided by commodity low-dropout regulators (LDOs)
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Date:
01/01/2012
USB Modem Design
With USB being a standard interface in PC peripherals, the number of applications that can be powered from a USB port is increasing at an exponential rate. The need for flexibility and continuous
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Date:
01/01/2012
Keep on Running
These days, people can't live without cell phones. This is not a monumental revelation to anyone who has been at an airport, a shopping mall, or a park watching their children play. We close business
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Date:
01/01/2012
Antenna Tuning Technology
Thinner form factors, mobile TV and the requirement for power efficiency are placing extreme demands on the antenna, requiring a new approach to keep calls on track and antennas inside the handset. Footprints
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Date:
01/01/2012
Portable Efficiency
The handset world is seeing a burgeoning need for memory storage. This article discusses memory trends and different methods of powering SD Flash memory. The need for memory is being driven
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Date:
01/01/2012
Low-Power Networked Solution

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Figure 1: JenNet-IP Stack build-up

All households and businesses are under pressure to fulfil the twin ideals of reduced energy consumption and reduced costs. There have been many advances in building technology such as double
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Date:
11/20/2011
Communicated Adaptive Digital Control

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Figure 1: Auto-Control Adapts to Power Stage Variations

Real-Time Auto-Compensation Technique Enables More Versatile and More Efficient Power Systems while Reducing Design Overhead Experienced power supply design engineers know that specific power requirement
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Date:
11/20/2011
PMBus Communications

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Figure 1: In a typical rack, the system host provides overall control for each board's power system via a Board Power Manager.

Digitally controlled power converters that embody power management subsystems and PMBus communications in telecoms applications makes it easy to assemble sophisticated hardware that suits a variety
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Date:
11/19/2011
LTPoE++ Extends PoE

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Figure 1: Typical PoE system

Power over Ethernet, or PoE, is an increasingly popular way to deliver both power and data over existing Ethernet cable, thus freeing applications from the constraint of AC-power proximity. As
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Date:
11/19/2011
UPS Sizing

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Choosing a UPS of the right capacity for a commercial or industrial application may appear as a simple task. In reality however, making the correct choice depends on knowledge and understanding
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Date:
11/19/2011
Avoiding Coexistence Problems

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Figure 1: An example of the simplification of an RF design using an integrated front-end module

Applications for portable wireless data communications have been booming in the last few years. For designers, these applications pose the challenge of designing multiple high-efficiency, low-noise
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Date:
11/19/2011
Managing the Power

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Figure 1: The Total Energy Management approach to design

Energy management techniques have emerged as competitive and differentiating features of electronic equipment. Traditional DC-DC Integrated Circuit (IC) point solutions have focused on optimizing
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Date:
11/18/2011
Telecom Central Office Datacenters have seen rapid evolution in terms of the architecture of their power supply arrangements; a number of different approaches have been used in relatively quick succession and, indeed, more than one approach may be found within a single installation This article considers a number
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Date:
11/15/2011
Cost-Optimized Solar

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Figure 1: Typical Solar Panel Output Current & Power vs. Output Voltage Curve

The influence of clouds, trees, dirt, on the solar cell panel and the rotation of the sun causes problematic fluctuations in the amount power generation. Consistent with the movement towards
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Date:
11/11/2011
Power Conditioning

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POWERVAR SecurityPlus product

In a two-year study involving customer projects around the world, POWERVAR, a power management systems company, examined how power quality technology can significantly reduce the service burden
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Date:
10/29/2011
IEC60601 Medical Standards

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The internationally accepted IEC 60601-1 standard has been continuously developed to help alleviate safety issues relating to all manner of medical equipment. Engineers need to be aware
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Date:
10/29/2011
Designing for Medical

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The vital selection process required for choosing the most suitable supplier for a medical power supply and to achieve requirements for EN60601 specifications Power supplies are a critical
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Date:
10/29/2011
Information Fusion in Medical Systems

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Figure 1

As medical instrumentation acquires increased processing power, the amount of information that is gathered from a patient is growing exponentially. Whenever large amounts of data are presented
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Date:
10/29/2011
Patient Protection

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LTM2881 2.5kVRMS isolated RS485 μModule transceiver

An important consideration when designing medical products is satisfying the IEC 60601-1 safety standard and the isolation ratings for products that come into contact with patients. One
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Date:
10/29/2011
Medical Goes Mobile

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Figure 1

In the world of medical devices, smaller is more beautiful. The market has seen a plethora of product announcements that herald a new era in size and portability. While research teams
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Date:
10/29/2011
Why Simulation Software?

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Analysis of insulator covered with water droplets

Using modelling software in this current economic market speeds up delivery time by increased accuracy at an early stage in the design process. The majority of engineering designers today
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Date:
10/29/2011
Making the Most of Iron

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Figure 1: Broadband attenuation

In recent years, innovative soft magnetic materials have moved to the forefront of electrical engineering and electronics and led to the development of many advanced components. Today, VACUUMSCHMELZE
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Date:
10/29/2011
Highly Efficient Flyback

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Table 1: Turns Ratios and Inductances

For industrial applications, power supplies with galvanic isolation in the range of 10 to 20W are often required. In general, a flyback converter is a good choice for this application. But
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Date:
10/20/2011
Sensor-Driven Solid State Lighting

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Fig 1 LED Driver

Over 20% of the energy consumed in the US is in lighting; in fact, next to heating and air conditioning systems, lighting systems account for the greatest energy. Today, adequate daylight
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Date:
10/19/2011
A new generation of low power, self-configuring network devices capable of remote management via a web connected smartphone or tablet PC are set to deliver the next healthcare revolution. The cost of providing healthcare to those recovering from illness or surgery has risen rapidly in recent years and there
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Date:
10/14/2011
Ridley Universal Injector

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Figure 1: The RIDLEY UNIVERSAL INJECTOR offers extraordinary wideband operation with either large voltage drive, or high current drive.

A Brief History I have been working with frequency response analyzers for over 30 years. My first introduction was when working on switching power supplies during my undergraduate degree at
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Date:
10/13/2011
Monitoring Transformers

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Implementation of a RightWon in a small distribution substation connecting IEDs, a meter and sensors located on the transformers within the substation

Transformers serve as a hub for collection and distribution of energy changing the voltage level at different locations of the Grid. They are a key component of the Smart Grid. These components
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Date:
10/08/2011
Next Generation Small Cell Wireless Networks

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Figure 1: A typical small cell cabinet with power system and battery backup included (top left side)

The growth of the mobile Internet has been more dramatic than any pundit could have imagined. Fueled by the iPhone and other smartphones, enthusiastic mobile Internet users have turned to email,
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Date:
10/08/2011
Smart Grid Security

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We have often seen reported the potential for data theft, either on an individual basis, or on a larger scale. The question is how to lessen the risk of the worst happening in smart grid metering. The
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Date:
10/08/2011
Testing Photovoltaic Inverters

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Figure 1: Islanding

PV is becoming pervasive, but there are vital safety considerations that need to be adhered to - and tested thoroughly Introduction to islanding Islanding of photovoltaic systems
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Date:
10/08/2011
Auto Battery Assist

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Figure 1

Supercapacitors, or Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), were invented in the 1960's and introduced for use in back-up applications by NEC in 1979 for clocks in VCRs, radios and microwave
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Date:
10/08/2011
Cutting Utility Bills

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Figure 1: Dimming ballast block diagram.

Legislation mandating adoption of energy-saving lighting, such as the EU Lighting Directive, can help governments meet CO2 reduction obligations while also helping reduce end users' utility bills. As
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Date:
10/07/2011
Powerline Communications

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Figure 1: Scheme for PLC technology. In a TLACS system from Nyx Hemera Technologies a local controller integrates PLC to communicate with the network controller over the AC line and controls each lamp using a standard DALI interface

Street lighting in its many forms - roadway lighting, tunnel lighting, car park lighting and urban lighting - is a major consumer of grid electricity. All outdoor lighting is, in fact,
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Date:
10/07/2011
Safe Photovoltaic Systems

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Future energy challenges are due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and urgent climate concerns. The new Power Grid will rely heavily on PV installations and their safety The photovoltaic
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Date:
10/07/2011
Loads on the Grid

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Figure 1

There are many applications today where the prevailing brushed DC motors continue to represent high demand on the power grid. In most cases, these durable motors, based on proven technology,
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Date:
10/07/2011
Smart Grid Progress

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The Smart Grid will bring massive changes to the way energy is delivered to homes. If the intent is to make everyone aware of and responsible for their personal energy usage, the Smart Grid is
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Date:
10/07/2011
Reducing Industrial Energy Consumption

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Wi-LEM Schematic illustration

Today, as never before, the subject of energy efficiency is on everyone's agenda, at personal, corporate and national levels. It is no surprise, therefore, that there is scope in many manufacturing
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Date:
10/07/2011
Notebook DC-DC Converter Design
In the competitive world of notebook computers, the key performance attributes are battery life, weight, and size (particularly height) for a given level of performance. Recent advances
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Date:
09/28/2011
PCB Layout

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Figure 1: Switching frequency vs. switching transitions

Switch mode power supplies convert one voltage to another. Such supplies are generally very efficient and thus replace linear regulators in many applications. Switching frequency versus
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Date:
09/28/2011
Selecting a Precision Op Amp

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Figure 1 - ISL28134: 0.1Hz to 10Hz Peak-to-Peak Noise Voltage

Choosing an op amp for high end sensor input projects can be especially challenging if the sensors or their design environments require ultra low-power, low-noise, zero-drift, rail-to-rail input
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Date:
09/28/2011
Solar Inverter Reliability

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Figure 1: Single-Stage, Single-Phase Inverter Block Diagram

The modern power grid will feature photovoltaic (PV) power systems that offer a sustainable alternative to fossil-fueled power plants. PV power systems consist of multiple components such
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Date:
09/28/2011
Video Security Benefits

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Figure 1: Traditional Approach of Remote Voltage Sensing

Even before the heightened awareness brought on by threats of terrorism, many public and private institutions had already began to incorporate video security into critical infrastructure. Video
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Date:
09/27/2011
Smart Components for Smart Grids

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Smart Grids need to modern passive components

Energy efficiency with advanced magnetic alloys - the quality of smart grids starts with the quality of their materials The famous English social reformer John Ruskin (1849 - 1900) was
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Date:
09/22/2011
PV Selection

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Typical high quality rooftop installation

When looking into either adding solar installation to your business, or want to know how to get the best deals, there are several factors to consider. Reliability is key; investigate the
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Date:
09/13/2011
Auto Foundry Demands

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Figure 1: Automotive Electronics Forecast and Semiconductor Content per Vehicle (Source: Gartner - March 2011)

Automotive electronics has emerged as one of the most important applications for integrated circuits. The expanded use of automotive electronics and concomitant semiconductor content per vehicle
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Date:
09/06/2011
EMC Compliance

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Figure 1: Supply lines - eliminate loops and decouple at local boundaries

International regulations regarding electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) affect many aspects of circuit and system design. However, there are numerous techniques that can be applied to reduce both
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Date:
08/17/2011
Multi-domain Simulation

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Figure 1: Structure of the SaberRD environment

Electrification is driving the need for comprehensive multi-domain system simulation in hybrid-electric and electric vehicles. A vehicle's power electronic components, coupled with the overall
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Date:
08/17/2011
System-on-Chip GNSS Solution

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Table 1: Teseo-II Urban Canyon Performance

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is the general term for satellite tracking systems and covers GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, QZSS and Compass constellations. Systems for urban canyon applications
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Date:
08/16/2011
Power Packaging

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Figure 1: The Die Free package resistances of different power semiconductor packages

The 2011 automotive year started with the Detroit Auto show where the new Chrysler 300 was launched, its headline, a 3.6l V6 engine delivering a whopping 292 hp (218 kW), 41 hp (31 kW) more than
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Date:
08/16/2011
Automotive Lighting - LEDS

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Figure 1: The new innovative body architecture allows a significant wire harness reduction in comparison to today's architecture

One of the latest automotive design trends is LED lighting. LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are used for tail lights, interior lights such as ambient lighting, and LED front lights. Front light
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Date:
08/16/2011
Automotive Lighting - HID Applications

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Figure 1: Ballast-Igniter Circuit

High Intensity Discharge (HID) headlamps are superior replacements for conventional heated-filament headlamps that require about 25kV applied to the lamp electrodes to ionize the Xenon gas and
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Date:
08/16/2011
EV/HEV Measurements

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Figure 1: Typical positioning of high-voltage vehicle components

Recent industry trends toward high-performance electric and hybrid vehicle (EHV) drives has created a whole new set of testing requirements. New Drive Technologies, New Safety Requirements New
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Date:
08/16/2011
Automotive Protection

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Figure 1: Principle of Car Wiring Harness Pulse Immunity Test Using an ESD Simulator ("ESD Pulse Gun")

System-level tests for EMC pulse immunity have been established in order to test the immunity of an electronic device or module against strong electromagnetic fields such as a close AM or FM transmitter
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Date:
08/15/2011
Power Design for Vital Auto Devices

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Figure 1: Boost Buck Structure

A main challenge for an automotive power system designer is to deal with the 12V car battery voltage fluctuations. The battery voltage can drop significantly during load crank. This voltage
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Date:
08/15/2011
Auto Efficiency

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Figure 1: Typical LTC3859A Start/Stop Application Schematic

Many automotive manufactures have devised a clever way of saving fuel in automobiles by using a new concept called a "Start/Stop" system. This system automatically switches off the engine when
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Date:
08/11/2011
Electric Vehicle Dynamics

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Figure 1: Spectrum of a 250A DC charger used for testing G3-PLC operation

Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are building a viable market of mobile electrical energy consumers. New relationships between electricity providers (the utility
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Date:
08/04/2011
Shunt Charger Systems

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Figure 1: LTC4070 Typical Application Circuit

Energy harvesting ICs can convert an appropriate transducer's output into an electric current for a battery charger device. Recent technology developments have pushed energy harvesting to the point
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Date:
06/29/2011
Solar IC Solutions

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Figure 1: National Semiconductor's diverse analog IC product offering for PV

To succeed in today's competitive solar market, system designers and OEMs require a system solution which may include energy-efficient analog ICs, tools, evaluation boards, and reference designs. As
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Date:
06/28/2011
Solar Power Optimization

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Efficiency Chart

Solar industry insiders have declared this "The Year for Power Optimization." Distributed electronics like maximum power point tracking (MPPT) power optimizers and microinverters are growing in
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Date:
06/27/2011
Solar Harvest

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Figure 1: Power-Voltage Curve of a photovoltaic cell for differing light levels

In the utilization of solar panels, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is the automatic adjustment of electrical load to achieve the greatest possible power harvest, during dynamic variations
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Date:
06/27/2011
Cooling the Circuits

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Figure 1

The need for forced-air cooling should be assessed at an early stage in system electronics enclosure design. The full range of implications needs to be considered in detail for a successful outcome. Typical
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Date:
06/27/2011
Keeping it Simple

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Figure 1: Method of implementing the smart grid which does support deregulation

Smart grid strategies have still to be finalized as countries strive to lower their greenhouse gas emissions, increase energy efficiency and ensure security of supply. A growing number of
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Date:
06/27/2011
Powerful Software Simulation

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Figure 1: By using software from ANSYS to predict maximum temperatures and temperature distribution within its new diesel particulate filter under diverse conditions, Cummins engineers can ensure that the manufactured component will have acceptable durability.

Cummins uses simulation software from ANSYS to reduce weight, improve fuel economy and reduce environmentally harmful emissions of engines The phrase "environmentally responsible" doesn't
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Date:
06/27/2011
Power Network Redundancy

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Ruggedized, Fast/Gigabit Ethernet rack-mount switches, such as this Hirschmann MACH1000, offer high port density and hundreds of copper/fiber media-mix options, excellent RFI/EMI shielding, and high performance - even in the harshest industrial environments and applications

Today's power grid receives energy from conventional, independent and alternative power source producers and distributes that power to industrial, commercial and residential customers. Providers
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Date:
06/18/2011
Renewable Energy

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Recognising, defining and dealing with renewable energy risks have never been more of a priority. Projects tend to be complex, innovative and often pioneering, which is why it pays to have insurance
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Date:
06/18/2011
High Power Modules

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Figure 1: Application range of high power modules. A different optimization of devices is required, indicated by the attributes "soft" and "fast"

A new technology for the vertical architecture of free wheeling diodes is introduced, which is optimized for applications with high switching frequencies. To minimize the turn off losses of the
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Date:
06/18/2011
Designing with LDOs

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Figure 1: The challenge of dynamic performance vs. current consumption has been addressed by introducing parts that are switchable between low power mode and high performance. A typical example is ON Semiconductor's NCP4587.
Looking at products that are currently sampling, it appears that products with noise in the 10 ?VRMS range and Quiescent current in the 10-15 μA range will be in production by the end of this year, giving cell phone designers the best of both worlds in selecting their LDOs.

Low drop-out Linear voltage regulators are a vital component in a wide range of applications; perhaps some of the most demanding conditions exist in the portable equipment (media players, digital
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Date:
06/18/2011
Customizing COTS Testing Systems

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By definition, the off-the-shelf modular instruments (VME, PXI, VXI, CompactPCI, PCI, etc.) used to create automated test and measurement systems are designed to be general purpose, programmable,
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Date:
06/18/2011
Design for Security

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Figure 1: LT3748 Flyback Converter with Primary-Side Output Voltage Sensing

Even before heightened awareness brought on by threats of terrorism, many public and private institutions had already began incorporating video security into critical infrastructure. Video
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Date:
06/18/2011
LED Lighting Solutions

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Available in serial or parallel wiring options, the new Molex array holder simplifies LED installation. Array holder is shown with and without optional Ingress Protection

Here follows an in-depth look into just how synergistic electronics, optical and lighting industries are yielding new and award-winning technologies to revolutionize the world of LED luminaires. LEDs
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Date:
06/13/2011
Driving LEDs

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Figure 1: N and P type doping of an LED

LEDs are fast replacing Fluorescent light bulbs and incandescent light bulbs in many lighting applications. In the past these sources could be driven directly from the mains voltage, but this is
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Date:
06/13/2011
Low ESR Tantalum Capacitors

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Figure 1: CAMEL Card validator and PCB detail

Fare collection and ticketing systems are an essential part of any public transport network. Systems combine software and hardware elements such as onboard computers and driver interfaces for automated
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Date:
06/13/2011
Offline LED Applications

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Table 1: Comparison of LEDs, CFL & Incandescent Light Sources

Most of the new LED lighting fixture applications will be required to run from existing AC offline power sources, generally 90VAC to 265VAC depending on the end application's geography. The ability
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Date:
06/11/2011
LED Street Lighting

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Figure 1: LED street lights

High brightness LED street lights are now being installed in pilot projects at many sites. In most cases these are replacing high intensity discharge (HID) and high pressure sodium (HPS) street
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Date:
06/08/2011
Video Transmission Solution

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Figure 1: Single Stage Equalizer for 300 meters of Cat 5 cable

Transmission cables have improved, but the challenge is always the same: get more messages down longer cables faster. It may sound simple, but the longer the cable, the greater the losses. These
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Date:
06/01/2011
Digital POL Improves Key Metrics

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Digital power conversion has moved on from being a novelty to widespread acceptance. Ericsson launched its BMR453 quarter-brick intermediate-bus converter in 2008 and followed with an eighth-brick
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Date:
05/26/2011
Direct Fuel Injection

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Figure 1: Estimated junction temperature rise for a given power pulse assuming an inductive load

There is a pressing need within the automotive industry for realizing greater degrees of fuel economy. This is being driven by rising oil prices through ongoing political uncertainty in many oil
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Date:
05/26/2011
Superior Assembly Technology

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Figure 1: Al Bondwire

Power module development is striving for higher power densities, not only in new but also in already established packages. Two main challenges for such kinds of upgrades are to meet the increased
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Date:
05/26/2011
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